Fatwas Part Fifty-Two

Issued by: Dr. Ahmed Subhy Mansour, translated by: Ahmed Fathy

Turning Readers into Writers on our Website

Published in August 23, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir, … Why am I still treated as a reader on your great website? I can only write comments but not articles, though I have joined you many months ago; why am I not promoted into a writer until now? … Thank you …    

Answer:

  Our Quranism website is an intellectual school of thought whose level is certainly above that of any postgraduate studies specializing in Islamic studies and/or history of Muslims/Muhammadans and their heritage and earthly, man-made religions and legislations. This is not understood by many of the writers of comments and articles on our website. Like any school of thought, we have our own special scientific methodology to ponder on Quranic verses and to approach fiqh and history researches. Our line of thought is based on ijtihad (i.e., innovative, creative thinking) and all accumulated knowledge in the writings on our website is the bases for further writings build on it. Hence, our Quranist school must not be hindered by writings below the mark or level, as we expect writers to adhere to our methodology and reach a high level of ijtihad. We have written a lot about the methodology of pondering the Quran and of rules of writing a history research. It is natural to expect that those writers of comments and articles to abide by the conditions of publishing stipulated by ourselves. This is why we are the only one who preserve the right to promote certain readers into writers and to delete and omit any articles/comments that violate the conditions of publishing. This is why before we allow you to write articles, you must be cultured enough by imbibing our research methodology within our writings and the writings of the pillars of our website. When we notice from comments of some readers that they deserve to be writers of articles, we promote him/her accordingly, but if we discover that anyone's articles is not up to the expected level or violates conditions of publishing on our website, we readily delete the account of this person. We no longer have time for shying away from doing this so as not to compromise Quranist knowledge. Thank you for your question. 

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Talbiyah of Pilgrimage

Published in August 23, 2017

Question: …  Dear Sir, … Is the Talbiyah phrase of pilgrimage (i.e., pilgrims uttering repeatedly the phrase:Here I am at Your service O Lord, here I am) is something true in Abraham's religion or an invented myth? … Thank you …  

Answer:

 Of course, all acts of worship are inherited from Abraham's religion of monotheism and we use the Quran as the only criterion to judge them and to differentiate fake, false ones and the true ones. God has commanded Arabs in Arabia to use the Quran as the criterion to reject anything that violates Abraham's religion of monotheism, but most Arabs did not believe in the Quran and stuck to their distorted ways such as worshipping saints/allies and distorted acts of worship and pilgrimage rituals. Distortions in pilgrimage rituals do NOT imply that all rituals are wrong, but some are. Naturally, the Qurans gives us some new  legislations related to rituals and acts of worship, such as the verses in the Quranic Chapter Two about fasting and pilgrimage and the verses in the Quranic Chapter Four about combining prayers in cases of fear or danger. Thus, if an inherited ritual does NOT contradict the Quran, it is OK, and this means that the Talbiyah phrase is OK: "Here I am at Your service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Your service and You have no partners". What is not acceptable is uttering this phrase by non-pilgrims within man-made feasts/Bairams that have nothing to do with Islam.

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About Talbiyah Again

Published in August 24, 2017

Question: …  Dear Sir, … Is it OK to utter the Talbiyah phrase during feast of Al-Adha prayers (Greater Bairam prayers) and any other religious feasts of the Muhammadans? I know you do not believe in any religious feasts at all of any kind, but what do you think of my question? … Thank you …

Answer:

 It is never OK to utter this phrase by non-pilgrims within any feasts or at any time anywhere; this phrase is solely uttered by pilgrims in Mecca within the pilgrimage season. To utter it at home or at one' town is to mock pilgrimage rituals. There is nothing called feasts or Bairams in Islam; such festivities are inventions of the Muhammadans centuries ago to have "fun" by ascribing lies to God. It is very sad that they stick to such festivities and mockeries until now. 

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Those Amateurs!

Published in August 24, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir, … I wonder how some persons and newcomers to your great website have the nerve to demand to be made writers too soon?! As if writing anything or chatting is the ultimate aim! They had better learn rules and methods of research and how to ponder the Quran within the Quranist vision; this takes a lot of time … Thank you …    

Answer:

  Thank you our dear son; some writers of comments – including you – deserve to be promoted as writers, judging by the quality of their comments showing they have read our archive and learned fully our ways, and some of them refuse to write articles (after being allowed by us to be promoted into writers of articles) as they have nothing new to add, but their comments are very useful and informative. Some other people are so hasty and impatient; they never read our archive or writings except partially and claim that they have a thing or two to 'teach' our person! Those proud ones never learn about Qurnaism at all and their articles contradict Qurnaism and our methodology of researching the Quranic text, and when we remind them of this fact, they demand to have freedom of thought and expression. They forget that our website is not for idle chat or trivial writings; our website is a serious one with a certain trend/school of thought within scientific  research methodology. We respect freedom of thought an expression for all people; they can write elsewhere within the cyberspace and its countless sites for chatting and free expression or even within blogs they can create for themselves, but they are not allowed to violate our rules and regulations regarding Quranist writings and research on our website. We are no Hyde Park of course; people who write must adhere to our Quranist line of thought and if they are non-Quranists who write in politics, they are not allowed to write political views that differ from our stances against Arab tyrannical rulers, for instance. We got bored with so many amateur writers who are not fit to write on our website and cannot enrich it. Thank you. 

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Drugs or Opium!

Published in August 28, 2017

Question: … In the name of our Lord Allah, … Why do not you, A. S. Mansour, fear God's Hell into which you will certainly enter if you do not repent and believe once again in Sunnite hadiths of the Holy Prophet! How dare you call yourself and your errant people Quranists and ascribe yourselves forcibly to the Holy Quran?!  you and your trend and followers are fake people who are bent on destroying Islam and following the falsehoods and hate and misinterpret the Quran! … You are keen on ridiculing the Holy Prophet Muhammad and mocking the Quran! You and your followers are atheists and infidels taking money from Islamophobic Western powers and Zionists to undermine Islam! All of you, who claim to be Quranists, will rot in Hell forever if you do not repent! You are deceiving yourselves if you assume that you are guided Muslims; you, Quranists, are worse than Jews, Christians, Sufis, Druze, Shiites, and Ahmadiyya and other sects of Satan! How dare you cast doubts on hadiths of our Holy Prophet?! Who are you, A. S. Mansour, to have the nerve to ridicule God and His Holy Messenger?! You are a deviant writer who is bent on increasing the number of atheists in Arab countries! Sunnites like me do not deify the Holy Prophet and are not polytheists! You are a liar to assume such a lie, among other lies inculcated to you by the Islam-hating CIA! You are a disbeliever and a source of shame to our Holy Al-Azhar! I testify to God that the Holy Prophet will disown you on the Last Day! Sunnite Muslims are the only true monotheists on Earth!   … Shame on you and all your followers! …      

Answer:

 Excuse us, readers, if we wonder what kind of drugs or opium this creature is addicted to and spoiled his mind!

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We Have No Time for This

Published in August 28, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir, … I and my wife (of Arab origin) live in Canada and we desire to have children, and we've contacted you before via email to ask about if it is OK in Islam that the ovum of another woman might be impregnated by me and planted into my wife's womb, and you said it is OK … Yet, other imams and scholars of 'Islam' told us it this is prohibited! Can I or my wife contact you via Skype or Facebook face to face?! We need to pose lots of questions to you and the emails are not quick enough; would you grant us the honor of talking to you personally through webcam? …Thank you …   

Answer:

 We are extremely sorry; we have no time for this, and we cannot contact every person via Skype or through any other means. Please, send all your questions only via email. Thank you.

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Debating with Christians!

Published in August 27, 2017

Question:  … Dear Sir, … When I calmly debated with some Christian friends concerning some issues to defend Islam, they have ridiculed some of the Quranic verses of the Quranic Chapter 9 about jihad fighting and paying tributes, and I could not argue anymore! What am I supposed to say now to remove wrong notions from their heads about the Holy Quran?! Any advice?   … Thank you …         

Answer:

  We advise you never to argue or debate with the People of the Book at all; it is enough to tell them once, and only once, that if they are curious to know about real Islam (or desire to be guided), they are to read the Arabic or English archive within our Quranism website. You are still a new Quranist; read more yourself within our books to get answers regarding your questions about tributes and self-defense fighting, especially our books (in English) titled "The Persecution of Copts after the Arab Conquest" found on this link: [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/book_main.php?main_id=95], "The Unspoken-of History of the Pre-Umayyad 'Righteous' Caliphs" found on this link: [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/book_main.php?main_id=83], and "Islam: Religion of Peace", found on this link: [http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=6674].  

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Liar and Sinful Imams

Published in August 27, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir, … Is it OK that I pray in a mosque whose imam of the congregational prayers is a sinful, immoral person and an inveterate liar? Would my prayers be deemed acceptable in that case?!… What do you think? …Thank you …   

Answer:

 There is no such a thing as infallible human beings; all of us commit (grave and/or small) sins and we implore God for forgiveness and guidance when we pray to Him sincerely and devoutly; all of us need repentance; please do not judge other people, not only imams of congregational prayers, and instead, focus on attaining piety in prayers and concentrate on pleasing and gratifying Almighty God.     

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A Message from Mr. Zachariah Al-Maghraby

Published in August 25, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir, … I send this comment about Episode No. 84 of your great YouTube show "Quranic Moments" (subtitled into English and found on this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDwQ57NMKFc) … In fact, it is not a comment but a story that took place in my neighborhood: a drunkard male violent youth used to drink daily and then shout at night in the streets, verbally abusing every passers-by and pushing anything and everyone, beating anyone who might stop his ranting and movement while being drunk! Months ago, after a calamity has befallen him, this youth decided to 'repent' and stopped his addition to wine-drinking, and he grew a very long beard, dressed like Afghans, and prayed in the mosque daily, and yet, he verbally abuses with the loudest voice, inside mosques and in streets, any citizens or neighbors who are Shiites or Sufis and others whom he consider as sinners, infidels, ignorant, etc. and his verbal violence has not yet metamorphosed into physical violence in the streets, but inside mosques, he begins to turn violent and wild; he strikes and beats anyone who dares to pass beside him or before him while he is performing prayers and those who argue against his fanatical views, and he drives them out of the mosque! This is his Wahabi religion of violence, coercion and compulsion! … Thank you …   

Answer:

  Of course, every man-made, earthly, religion reflects the moods and preferences of its owners/inventors; e.g., the Muhammadans who are savage, brutal, and violent fabricated the Sunnite/Wahabi religion and the violent power-hungry Christians invented Catholicism in Europe. The weaker ones among polytheists made up religions like Sufism and Coptic Orthodox Christianity. The Shiite religion reflects the preferences of  Persians and their culture. The foul-mouthed, violent youth you talk about found in the Wahabi Sunnite religion of Satan ample scope to be as violent and abusive as possible. All earthly, man-made religions are based on whims and desires.      

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A Comment from Mr. Abdullah (1)

Published in August 25, 2017

Question: …  Dear Sir, … about your great show "Quranic Moments" and its episodes/videos: indeed, as a child, I've always considered the notion of Jinn and devils possessing the bodies of 'Muslims' and Arabs as silly and illogical: why devils never possess the bodies of non-Muslims or persons of other nationalities like the Russians, Japanese, Americans, Germans, etc. This myth has been invented to deceive the ignorant and gullible ones to steal their money, as charlatans of the Sunnite religion make lots of money by spreading lies and repelling people away from God's Path: the Quran. May God curse all Sunnite clergymen and imams in Hell, if they never repent … Thank you …      

Answer:

 We like your analysis, Mr. Abdullah, for the obsession of Sunnites with devils and Satan; indeed, Satan occupies their hearts instead of God. This is why we refute silly Sunnite hadiths of that type: to expose and undermine the shame, fake Sunnite religion of Satan, it is funny to assume that Jinn or devils never possess any bodies except those of the Muhammadans: they choose to believe in such myths, along other myths that Jinn or devils 'copulate' with female Sunnites and impregnate them! We have re-published on our websites articles refuting an ridiculing such myths, and we have published them before in the 1990s in the Cairo-based, leftist magazine Rose Al-Youssef. Thus, Sunnites makes Satan share their money and progeny while controlling them, as per 17:64, while promising them nothing but delusions and lies.    

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A Comment from Mr. Abdullah (2)

Published in August 26, 2017

Question: …  Dear Sir, … About Episode No. 87 of "Quranic Moments" [subtitled into English and found on this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtRd7qHRjHU], it is silly that Sunnites in their deification of the caliph named Omar make Satan feel afraid of him! how come they assume that Islam might have been lost if it had not been for Omar?! I'm afraid that one day, Sunnites would make Omar a prophet instead of Muhammad! Such inveterate liars are bent on deifying mythical persons and forgetting they were mortals and ordinary people! Omar might have been a hypocrite who serve Umayyads as you have told us in your great unforgettable book titled "The Unspoken-of History of the Pre-Umayyad 'Righteous' Caliphs" … Thank you …        

Answer:

  This Sunnite reaction of deifying Omar Ibn Al-Khattab came after Shiites at the time during the Abbasid Era (who hated and verbally abused Omar and the rest of the so-called companions) accused Omar of being a passive homosexual and Shiites say literally that he never got comfort unless he would have sex daily with men who would fill his 'hole' with their semen! Such myth indicates deep-seated hatred of Shiites toward Omar, as homosexuality was never known in Arabia within the 7^th century A.D., but it spread during the Abbasid Era. Sunnites reacted to such slander by adding God-like qualities to Omar than made him appear as greater than their imaginary deified prophet who has nothing to do with Muhammad described in the Quran. This is why the Sunnite-Shiite political struggle and propaganda resulted in hundreds of thousands of hadiths! Hadiths were powerful weapons in such struggle within the centuries!       

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The Dominant Lord Is Guarding Believers

Published in August 26, 2017

Question: … Dear Sir,  … Could you explain to me the verse 21:42 about God guarding believers and how is this done? No Sunnite clergymen or imams gave me a satisfying answers regarding the meaning of this verse … Thank you …

Answer:

 God says in the Quran: "Say, "Who guards you but the Dominant Lord by night and by day?" But they turn away from the mention of their Lord." (21:42). This verse indicates that no one should invoke the aid of gods/deities or 'saints' at all beside the Lord God, as He is the Dominant Controller of the universe. The way God guards and protects believers cannot be explained in general terms; one feels it in one's daily life and situations when one has a narrow escape and when one escapes calamities and harm without doing anything: this is part of Fate, and please, do not ask about this metaphysical aspect as it is none of our concern and we are not to argue with God. You should read more about Arabic linguistics to be able to understand the syntax and imagery of the Quranic tongue, and to read more about history of Arabs before Islam and the history of the Muhammadans. Please read our articles and books about how to understand the Quranic verses. Do not contact Sunnite or non-Sunnite clergy of any type, as all of them are ignoramuses who never know anything true or right about the Quranic text.  

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In Vitro Fertilization

Published in September 24, 2014

Question: … Dear Sir, … I take pride in being a Quranist; you are the greatest Egyptian thinker and reformist ever; thank you for guiding us to True Islam … About in vitro fertilization (IVF), if a woman contacted a sperm bank to get her ovum fertilized to be able to have children, is this prohibited (like fornication) as per the verse 60:12 about prohibiting women from committing adultery to have progeny ascribed to men other than the biological fathers?… Thank you …    

Answer:

 Thank you for your praising us; but 60:12 does not apply to IVF even if the women use sperm banks: these women do not fornicate at all, and the sperm donor's name is known. The child in that case must not be ascribed to the name of the women's husbands, of course. The 60:12 is about the sin of ascribing progeny resulting from adultery to men other than the biological fathers, as an act of deceit. This deceit includes these sinful women ascribing children of previous marriages to their new husbands, when widows or divorced women remarry while disregarding the three-month waiting period that entails ascribing the babies of pregnant women to the former husband of these widows or divorced women. 

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Is My Marriage Annulled and No Longer Valid?!

Published in July 15, 2013

Question: …  Dear Sir, … I was never religious myself when I got married to my wife; I never cared if my wife is religious or not. Later on, after many years and after having children, I converted to Quranism after I discovered that the Salafist/Wahabi Sunnite religion of my late parents is a false religion, and I now pray and perform all acts of worship, but the problem is that my wife, who never prayed nor fasted until now and acts like an atheist, though she never confessed to be as such, never teach our children anything about God and Islam … I'm only glad about the fact that she does not wear a veil, but she once told me she believes in God but she sees Islam as a patriarchal religion that humiliates women! She might be an agnostic person, even if she does not know the meaning of this term! God in the Quran does not want believing men to marry polytheists; is my marriage no longer valid or should be annulled, because my wife is a non-Muslim though she was raised as such?! What do you think? … Thank you …  

Answer:

   Your wife's religion (or lack of any) never undermines the validity of your marriage at all; even if your wife were a Jew, Christian, Buddhist, etc. or even an atheist, this never influence your marriage negatively at all. In real Islam (Quranism), peaceful Muslim men can marry peaceful non-Muslim women and even peaceful Muslim women can marry peaceful non-Muslim men. We ourselves have a license here in the USA to draw marriage contracts of mixed marriages; i.e., Muslim women who marry non-Muslim men (i.e., men who are either atheists or have any other religions), as long as such marriages are based on peaceful demeanor and mutual consent, they are legal in Islam. Any children resulting of such marriages will choose for themselves when they grow up which religion to adopt and embrace; Islam will be chosen within open society like the American one because of its simplicity, and yet, children might choose atheism or any other religions, and this should be none of the concern of the parents. This applies to your case, be grateful that your wife is not an extremist fanatical Wahabi Sunnite woman who would have shown you real hell on a daily basis, and if she turns violent, this is what would really cast doubts on the validity of your marriage; God commands us in the Quran to avoid intermarriage with polytheists in the sense of aggressive, violent persons who harm and attack the innocent peaceful people. For further details on that topic, please watch our YouTube show titled "Exposing Salafism" (subtitled into English). Besides, in real Islam, no headwear for women or men are required at all; it is OK for Muslim never to cover their hair or heads. Please do not pay attention to Wahabi and Sunnite narratives of falsehoods and lies; Wahabi clergymen are the arch-enemies of Islam; your wife is a victim who mixes Islam with the Sunnite creed of Satan that distorts the image and name of Islam; you can advise her to read our archive on our website; even if she never converts to Quranism, your marriage will be still valid. What is more important is to treat her kindly even if you dislike her, as per 4:19. God bless you.       

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May God guide You and Us

Published in June 6, 2013

Question: … Dear Sir, … I'm from a Muslim man from Senegal, in Africa, my name is Ahmad Drami, and I find great pleasure in reading your writings in Arabic and in English, as I learned the Arabic tongue when I obtained my university degree (in sharia law) from Casablanca, in Morocco … I agree with most of your views and I reject all hadiths now, but I beg to differ in certain points … I tend to think that it is OK to put the name of Muhammad within the testimony of Islam and within Azan (i.e., call to prayers), to prove that he was a messenger and not a deity/god beside Allah … Also, I tend to think that after one's death, the record of one's deeds is being added to if one's good deeds and sinful ones still influence others … For instance, if one is misguided by me, I will be sinning as long as he obeys my wrong view after my death; likewise, if I'd author a book to guide people, I will obtain reward of it after my death as long as people read and apply it; Quranic verses that asset my view are...... … What do you think? … Thank you …      

Answer:

  Excuse us, you are not yet a Quranist; it is not enough to reject hadiths to be a Quranist. You differ from us in the bases of Islamic tenets; we respect your religious freedom and ours; may God guide you and us; He will judge us and settle our differences in faith on the Last Day. Please (re)read our article in English titled " The Testimony of Islam Is (There Is No God But Allah) ONLY!" found on this link: http://www.ahl-alquran.com/English/show_article.php?main_id=14273

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About the Coptic Orthodox Clergyman Zachariah Boutros 

Published in October 15, 2007

Question: … Dear Sir, … I'm an Egyptian man working in a Shiite city in the KSA, and I see how they Shiites are persecuted there by the Saudi authorities and imams in mosques sermons curse them on a daily basis; I've discovered that Shiites reject most Sunnite hadiths and never deify companions of the Prophet, yet, you have taught me through your writings that they deify their clergymen and Shiite imams of the past, along with grandchildren of the Prophet Muhammad from his daughter Fatima… Why do not you, Sir, refute the views undermining Islam expressed in a satellite channel and via the internet by Zachariah Boutros, the Egyptian man residing in the West and who gets paid to humiliate and verbally abuse our Prophet?! He assumes that Sunnites books of myths and falsehoods represent Islam; this is not true, of course, as the true character of our Prophet is found only in the Quran  … Thank you  … 

Answer:

 The likes of this Coptic Orthodox clergyman are mere reactions to Wahabi Sunnite extremism in Egypt that causes the persecution of Copts there; when Wahabism vanishes and is defeated, this Coptic extremism will dwindle and come to an end. We never watch the TV show of this clergymen; his hate speech might be useful to Quranists as he exposes Sunnite books, though he ascribes such lies in these books to Islam. Our life mission is confined to elucidating true facts and tenets of Islam (i.e., Qurnaism) to the Muhammadans to urge them to become real Muslims through peaceful reform from within Islam (i.e., the Quran alone). 

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Slavery and Contradictions!

Published in October 31, 2011

Question: …  Dear Sir, … I do not agree with you that Islam (i.e., the Quran) urges the gradual abolition of slavery by making men liberate and marry their female slaves; besides, slavery in modern times is still found in other forms in Europe, Africa, and Asia, as it is linked to how evil people abuse and take advantage of weak, ignorant  people anywhere; I did not like your fatwa and your articles about slavery … Thank you …

Answer:

 Thank you for your letter and we welcome all constructive criticism. If your Arabic is not that good; please read our entire book on slavery, where we collected all previous writing on that topic and added to them a great deal of details. This way, you will find answers to your queries and relieve any doubts you have about that topic. "Slavery: A Fundamental Historical Overview" is the title of our book in English found on this link: http://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/book_main.php?main_id=87  

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To Murmur or to Pray in a Loud Voice

Published in September 9, 2014

Question: …  Dear Sir, … Sunnites assume that when praying within congregations, the Noon and Afternoon prayers must be murmured while the Dawn, Sunset, and Night prayers must be loud; is that true?! What about this verse: "...And be neither loud in your prayer, nor silent in it, but follow a course in between." (17:100)?  … Thank you …    

Answer:

 Do not pay attention to Sunnite nonsense; as per 17:100, all the five daily prayers must be uttered in medium, moderate voices within congregations or alone, so as to attain piety and to concentrate on what you say. The best degree of one's voice is to hear what you but not to make others hear you; one's voice makes one pay attention to meanings and powerful influence of supplications and verses, etc., making them sink deep into one's soul.  

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Dots Within Arabic Letters

Published in December 20, 2014

Question: … Dear Sir, … I'm a Tunisian woman, and in my country, the Quran is recited differently; some people pronounce different spellings to Quranic words, while claiming that dots were missed from some Arabic letters, and this changes the words entirely and their meanings: for instance:........... Yet, I find that you never tackle this topic in your archive; could you tell us the history behind putting dots on Arabic letters and why (and how) the Quranic text was originally written without dots on the letter of it words? … Thank you …   

Answer:

 Please do not pay attentions to how Sunnites of every sect and doctrine recite the Quran differently in a warped manner; we never believe in that nonsense that casts doubt on the authenticity of the Quran preserved by Almighty Allah. We have no doubt that God preserves the Quranic text and allowed people to pronounce the word correctly and to provide dots to certain letters of the Arabic language. The numerical miracles of the Quranic text provides clear evidence that the Quranic text is unique and preserved by God. Thus, do not trouble yourself with the issue of dots on letters and focus instead on reading and pondering writings of Quranists so that you will be well-informed and be one of the writers on our website, if you like.  

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Stern with Them!

Published in August 13, 2013

Question: … Dear Sir, … I admire very much your article titled "Islam: Religion of Peace" that illuminated Quranic facts which never crossed my mind, but how come God has told Muhammad the following: "O prophet! Strive hard against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them..." (66:9); "Muhammad the messenger of God and those with him are stern against the disbelievers, yet compassionate amongst themselves..." (48:29) … Do these verses contradict your article?! What do you think? Can you offer me any reasonable explanation?! … Thank you …  

Answer:

 There is no contradiction at all, as we will show you here. Being stern with hypocrites and disbelievers does NOT imply any sort of aggression or attacking at all; rather, the verses you have quoted tackle how early believers must ward off harm caused by hypocrites and disbelievers who were scheming and plotting to commit aggression and cause harm to Muhammad and early believers in Yathreb. This keeping of the danger is by planning and taking care and being cautious, and NOT by attacking or fighting others who did not attack them. Non-Muslims enjoyed absolute religious freedom and political freedom as long as they were peaceful citizens in the Yathreb city-state. We refer you to many of our books and lengthy articles for more details.