Concerning the Death of Dr. Nawal El-Saadawi

Published in March 23, 24, & 26, 2021, Translated by: Ahmed Fathy
Article I:
Expressing Affection and Paying Homage from an Azharite Sheikh to the Memory of the Late Dr. Nawal El-Saadawi


1- Dr. El-Saadawi, who died in March 21st, 2021, is an international Egyptian figure of the highest, most prestigious stature as a thinker; may the Lord God have mercy on her soul.
2- We have been honored by meeting Dr. El-Saadawi on several occasions within cultural gatherings and forums: she and her late husband, Dr. Sherif Hatata, were our guests more than once in the forum we supervised at the Ibn Khaldoun Center in the late 1990s, and they delivered speeches in such forums, first of which was dedicated to the late Sudanese thinker and politician Sadiq Al-Mahdi (who died in 2020, may the Lord God have mercy on his soul) on his first visit to Cairo, Egypt, after a long time. Dr. El-Saadawi has invited our person, along with other Egyptian enlightenment figures such as the late Dr. Farag Fouda, to a conference in her Solidarity of Women Society.
3- When Dr. El-Saadawi held an international conference in Cairo, Egypt, on the rights of women, she requested from our person to write a paper on the rights of women within the Holy Quran. We have written it and it is titled "Women's Right to Aspire to the Presidency of Any Islamic State". It has been admired by so many intellectuals, published later on within our Quranism website and the Modern Discussion website (ahewar.org), and it was translated into English; the link to this book, in English, is found here:
https://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/book_main.php?main_id=79
4- The late Dr. El-Saadawi – may the Lord God have mercy on her soul – at first feared that our person might be among those who say what they never apply; at the conference she held, she asked our wife (who attended the conference) if we were tyrannical and unjust with her; our wife asserted to her that we are a democratic person at home.
5- Because of her writings which overstep all redlines and break all taboos, we thought wrongly at first that Dr. El-Saadawi was very harsh and hardhearted; this myth was dispelled on the very first encounter between her and our person. We have discovered how the late Dr. El-Saadawi was all politeness, tolerance, sweetness, and smiles.
6- There are many shared points and ideas between our person and the late Dr. El-Saadawi. Both she and our person were imprisoned because of our views. Both of us witnessed hostile fatwas against us for being 'infidels' and 'apostates' who forsook Islam. Of course, the religion of Dr. El-Saadawi differs from ours, but we share Islam in terms of peaceful demeanor; i.e., adherence to peaceful behavior and respect for religious and intellectual differences; both of us have defended human rights.
7- The fingernail of the late Dr. El-Saadawi is better and purer than millions of turbaned, bearded clergymen worldwide.
8- Dr. El-Saadawi lived the era of liberalism in Egypt in the 1930s and the 1940s, and she also lived within the era of the military regime established since the 1952 coup d'état. She experienced the emergence/rise of Wahabi Salafist trend since the mid-1970s and she suffered because of it; the late president Sadat imprisoned her in 1981. During the times of suffering, Dr. El-Saadawi was steadfast and never wavered; she never compromised; she never allowed anyone to force her to change her mind. Recently, and belatedly as usual, Al-Azhar clergymen quietly have to agree with her views against the crime of female genital mutilation.
9- Great thinkers like the late Dr. El-Saadawi typically go ahead of their era and attempt to introduce reform on all aspects but find ingratitude during their lifetime; yet, they typically find justice and gratitude after their death. Such great reformist thinkers die but their writings outlive them as long as they enjoy wide readership posthumously.
10- We urge the readers of this article to never say (Dr. El-Saadawi died) but to say she lives on since her legacy (writings, videos, and struggle) lives on and will continue to exist in the future.
11- The adversaries, foes, and haters of Dr. El-Saadawi are vociferous and loud yet they are insignificant and never influential; they will end inevitably inside the dustbin of history. In contrast, the likes of the late Dr. El-Saadawi will remain alive inside the souls/hearts of so many generations since their writings aim at the progress of nations.

Signature: Dr. A. S. Mansour – VA – the USA



Article II
Concerning the Decease of Dr. El-Saadawi, Again!

Introduction:
1- Thinkers like our person regret to witness the existence of the ignoramuses (in Egypt and the Arab world) who desire and believe in assassination as the penalty for those who never share their religious views. When such thinkers who advocate religious reform die naturally without being killed, such ignoramuses feel schadenfreude and gloat/rejoice for the death of such thinkers while considering their death as if a form of 'divine' retribution. Such ignoramuses forget the fact that they are also mortals who will die sooner or later; even all prophets/messengers of the Lord God were mortal human beings who died; such ignoramuses forget the fact that the Lord God has told Muhammad, when he was alive in Arabia, the following in the Quranic text: "You will die…" (39:30). Such ignoramuses have verbally abused and insulted our person via Facebook for writing an article about the late Dr. El-Saadawi and repeating within its text the phrase (may the Lord God have mercy on her soul).
2- Thinkers like our person regret to witness the existence of the ignoramuses who are too bold despite their superficiality and lack of knowledge in all fields especially in the Arabic tongue; they seldom read any books; they write comments/posts to vilify our person while making so many spelling & grammatical mistakes. They assume that having PCs and being online are enough tools to write anything and to insult peaceful reformist thinkers, like our person, who have dedicated their lives to introduce peaceful political and religious reform by their thousands of articles, fatwas, and books.
3- Because of the attack launched by such ignoramuses, we have to repeat (e.g., in such article) facts and views we have mentioned many times previously so that some people may take heed and draw useful lessons.

Firstly:
1- After publishing our article titled (Expressing Affection and Paying Homage from an Azharite Sheikh to the Memory of the Late Dr. Nawal El-Saadawi) to eulogize the late great Egyptian thinker and talk about our encounters with her and how we shared many ideas within the struggle for human rights in Egypt, some comments we have received were favorable (may the Lord God reward those who wrote them), some comments contained an advice to our person not to write any more about 'atheist' thinkers who died, and some other comments were negative and contained insults to our person and to the late Dr. El-Saadawi. We respect the absolute religious freedom of all people and their right to express any views, but we have to remind our readers with the following points.
1/1: Praying to the Lord God to have mercy on the souls of the dead is a habit typical of our person to which we adhere on purpose even if the dead persons differ with me in religion (atheists, Muhammadans, Christians, Jews…etc.) and even if we never knew them personally.
1/2: Praying/supplicating to the Lord God is an act of worship in itself; those who reject this act of worship are arrogant disbelievers who deserve Hell: "Your Lord has said, “Pray to Me, and I will respond to you. But those who are too proud to worship Me will enter Hell forcibly.”" (40:60). Supplicating to Allah by our person is typically linked to glorifying His Holy Name; we hope the Lord God will reward our person for this on the Last Day.
2- As per our understanding of the Holy Quran, in which we believe as the Only Discourse in True Islam, we deal with others within peace since peaceful demeanor is Islam in terms of behavior. We have to repeat and assert the following facts.
2/1: As per the Holy Quran, Islam in terms of behavior; i.e., adherence to peace, is the religion regarding how to deal with people.
2/1/1: When belligerent Arabs declared their adherence to peace during Muhammad's lifetime in Arabia, the Lord God has considered this as entering into His religion. The Lord God has said the following to Muhammad: "When there comes God’s victory and triumph. And you see the people entering into God’s religion in multitudes. Then celebrate the praise of your Lord, and seek His forgiveness. He is the Accepter of Repentance." (110:1-3).
2/1/2: Muhammad was not a mind-reader and he never knew what was inside the souls/hearts of such Arabs mentioned in the Quranic Chapter 110; he never knew those adamant in hypocrisy who lived near him inside Yathreb: "Among the Desert-Arabs around you there are some hypocrites, and among the inhabitants of the city too. They have become adamant in hypocrisy. You do not know them, but We know them. We will torment them twice; then they will be returned to a severe torment." (9:101). Hence, as far as the Quranic Chapter 110 is concerned, Muhammad saw only Islam in terms of behavior; i.e., adherence to peace which is God's religion as per 110:2. Their choosing peace and their stopping belligerence indicate the fact that they became Muslims in terms of behavior despite the fact that most of them remained polytheists or disbelievers in terms of faith. It is up to the Dominant Lord God exclusively to judge one's faith (monotheism, polytheism, or lack thereof) inside one's heart/soul on the Last Day. As for violent/peaceful words, attitudes, and demeanors, people can judge it in this world. Polytheism/disbelief in terms of behavior towards others means unjust military aggression and religious persecution. This should be resisted and stopped within legitimate self-defense. The late Dr. Al-Saadawi – may the Lord God have mercy on her soul – never raised arms against anyone and never committed the crime/sin of religious persecution.
2/1/3: Peaceful behavior (and stopping aggression) is mentioned in the Quranic text as akin to performing prayers and Zakat. When the Meccan aggressors breached the peace treaties and resumed their military attacks Muhammad and the early believers inside Mecca shortly before Muhammad's death, the Quranic Chapter Nine was revealed to give the aggressors the chance (during the four sacred months of pilgrimage) to repent, stop their aggression, and to adhere to peace. Otherwise, they will be resisted and fought after the pilgrimage season. If they repented and adhered to peace, they are brethren in the religion of peace or Islam in terms of behavior: "But if they repent, and observe prayers and Zakat, then they are your brethren in faith. We detail the Verses for a people who know." (9:11). The Lord God has promised to pardon them if they stopped their religious persecution; once they stop their aggression, legitimate self-defense fighting will stop: "Say to those who disbelieve: if they desist, their past will be forgiven. But if they persist - the practice of the ancients has passed away. Fight them until there is no more persecution, and religion becomes exclusively for God. But if they desist - God is Seeing of what they do." (8:38-39).
2/1/3/1: Islam in terms of peaceful behavior is the main value within dealing with others during the existence of the Yathreb city-state led by Muhammad. The hypocrites inside Yathreb enjoyed absolute freedom of peaceful political and religious opposition and of adhering to their polytheism; they insulted Muhammad and the monotheists with him and conspired against them; despite the Quranic warning that their fate is the lowest levels of Hell in case of dying without repentance, the Quranic legislation regarding how to deal with them is to avoid them only. They were not punished by Muhammad; he used to supplicate/pray to the Lord God to forgive/pardon them; they were part of the Yathreb society who traded and married…etc. on equal footing with other citizens if the Yathreb city-state since they were peaceful persons who never raised arms against peaceful people and never resorted to violence.
2/1/3/2: Some of the Yathreb dwellers/citizens were peaceful people but they remained polytheists who rejected the Quranic Message; i.e., they drank wine, worshipped at shrines/mausoleums & idols, and gambled. They enjoyed absolute religious freedom inside the Yathreb city-state led by Muhammad; they disregarded the repeated Quranic warning; no one punished them during their lifetime. The Lord God will judge them: "…So stay away from the abomination of idols, and stay away from false testimony." (22:30); "O you who believe! Wine, gambling, mausoleums, and divination are abominations of Satan’s doing. Avoid them, so that you may prosper. Satan wants to provoke strife and hatred among you through wine and gambling, and to prevent you from the remembrance of God, and from prayers. Will you not desist? Obey God and obey the Messenger, and beware. If you turn away - know that the duty of Our messenger is clear communication." (5:90-92); these are among the verses reveled to Muhammad shortly before his death.
2/1/3/3: On the Last Day, human souls will be two groups of adversaries regarding religious differences; some are polytheists and some are monotheists; it is only up to Allah to judge them: "Here are two adversaries feuding regarding their Lord. As for those who disbelieve, garments of fire will be tailored for them, and scalding water will be poured over their heads. Melting their insides and their skins. And they will have maces of iron. Whenever they try to escape the gloom, they will be driven back to it: “Taste the torment of burning.” But God will admit those who believe and perform good deeds into Gardens beneath which rivers flow. They will be decorated therein with bracelets of gold and pearls, and their garments therein will be of silk. They were guided to purity of speech. They were guided to the path of the Most Praised." (22:19-24).
2/1/3/4: Regarding how to deal with others who have different religions, we are commanded in the Holy Quran never to argue with them about Quranic verse and to acknowledge their religious freedom while waiting for the Lord God's Judgment, on us and them, on the Last Day: "…The devils inspire their followers to argue with you; but if you obey them, you would be polytheists." (6:121); "But if they dispute with you, say, “God is fully aware of what you do.” God will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection regarding what you disagree about." (22:68-69); "None argues against God’s Verses except those who disbelieve. So do not be impressed by their movements in the land." (40:4); "Say, “O my people! Work according to your ability and so will I.” You will come to know to whom will belong the outcome of the abode.” The unjust ones will not prevail." (6:135); "And say to those who do not believe, “Act according to your ability; and so will we.” “And wait; we too are waiting.” To God belongs the future of the heavens and the earth, and to Him all authority goes back. So worship Him, and rely on Him. Your Lord is never unaware of what you do." (11:121-123); " Say: “O my people! Work according to your ability; and so will I. Then you will know. Who will receive a humiliating torment, and on whom will fall a lasting torment.” We sent down upon you the Book for the humankind in Truth. He who follows guidance does so for the good of his soul. And he who strays in misguidance does so to its detriment. You are not their overseer." (39:39-41).

Lastly:
1- The late Dr. Al-Saadawi – may the Lord God have mercy on her soul – never argued with our person concerning our religion at all. Her main concern was the truth; of course, the truth is rare to be found among clergymen of Satan who never practice what they preach. It was very good of her to ask our wife how we act at home; truth for the late Dr. El-Saadawi is the honor of any men and women. In our series of articles, in English, about the culture of slaves (found on the following link: https://www.ahl-alquran.com/arabic/show_article.php?main_id=16748), we mention that honor for those enslaved by polytheistic Sunnite religion is confined to the vaginas of women though true honor is the truth and the courage to express the truth while siding with the oppressed and opposing/resisting oppression and injustice.

2- The late Dr. El-Saadawi was – and we have been all our life – siding with the weak, oppressed ones on earth.
3- May the Lord God have mercy on the soul of Dr. El-Saadawi.


Article III
Concerning the Decease of Dr. El-Saadawi, a Third Time!


Introduction:
We have received the following comment, and we are sure its male author alludes indirectly to our article about the late Dr. El-Saadawi; he cannot reconcile our stance towards her and the Quranic verse 58:22. This is the comment: (Dear Dr. Mansour, … I never believe in hadiths but I desire that you should write your ponderings on 58:22 … Thank you.). hence, we write this article to clarify the matter and to prove that 58:22 does not contradict our stance towards the late Dr. El-Saadawi. We implore the Lord God to reward our person for having to repeat Quranic facts of Islam, asserted in tens of our articles, books, fatwas, and YouTube videos, rejected by the Muhammadans.
Our reply:
1- The Lord God says the following in the Holy Quran: "You will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day, loving those who oppose God and His Messenger, even if they were their parents, or their children, or their siblings, or their close relatives. These - He has inscribed faith in their hearts, and has supported them with a spirit from Him. And He will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will dwell forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. These are the allies of God. Indeed, it is God’s allies who are the successful." (58:22). This Quranic verse is about the prohibition of allying oneself to the military disbelieving aggressors who attack peaceful believers. This means 58:22 does not apply to peaceful rejecters of the Quranic Message who never commit aggression against peaceful believers.
2- Let us provide in the points below some details from the Quranic text about the immigrants who settled in Yathreb who are commanded in the Quranic text to never commit the sin of allying themselves to military Meccan aggressors among their families who evicted Muhammad and the believers from Mecca and continued their military aggression against them in Yathreb.
2/1: The Lord God says the following in the Holy Quran: "O you who believe! Do not take My enemies and your enemies for allies, offering them affection, when they have disbelieved in what has come to you of the Truth. They have expelled the messenger, and you, because you believed in God, your Lord. If you have moved out to strive for My cause, seeking My approval, how can you secretly love them? I know what you conceal and what you reveal. Whoever among you does that has strayed from the Straight Path." (60:1). This is a direct mode of address; the believers who adhere to peace must never ally themselves to aggressors who are disbelievers/polytheists in terms of aggressive and belligerent behavior.
2/2: The aim of the Meccan aggressors who attacked Yathreb later on was to force believers to return to disbelief/polytheism and to reject the Quranic Message: "Whenever they encounter you, they treat you as enemies, and they stretch their hands and tongues against you with malice. They wish that you would disbelieve." (60:2).
2/2/1: The Meccan troops continued to raid Yathreb to terrorize the early believers and to force them to reject the Holy Quran; some of such raids occurred during the four sacred months of pilgrimage (when everyone must adhere to peace); the Quranic permission to engage into self-defense military endeavors caused to some believers some embarrassment since they know they must adhere to non-violence during the 4-month pilgrimage season; the Lord God has said the following to them: "They ask you about fighting during the Sacred Month. Say, “Fighting during it is deplorable; but to bar others from God’s Path, and to disbelieve in Him, and to prevent access to the Sacred Mosque, and to expel its people from it, are more deplorable with God. And persecution is more serious than killing. They will not cease to fight you until they turn you back from your religion, if they can. Whoever among you turns back from his religion, and dies a disbeliever - those are they whose works will come to nothing, in this life, and in the Hereafter. Those are the inmates of the Hell-Fire, abiding in it forever." (2:217).
2/2/2: At first, as per the Holy Quran, the early believers inside Yathreb were commanded not to defend themselves until they were ready; the Meccan aggressors seized the chance to launch many raids against Yathreb. When the Quranic permission to engage into the military self-defense endeavors was revealed, some believers who loved peace and were inclined to passivity hated to participate in self-defense and requested a postponement since they feared death. The following verse is about them: "Have you not considered those who were told, “Restrain your hands, and perform your prayers and Zakat”? But when fighting was ordained for them, a faction of them feared the people as God is ought to be feared, or even more. And they said, “Our Lord, why did You ordain fighting for us? If only You would postpone it for us for a short while.” Say, “The enjoyments of this life are brief, but the Hereafter is better for the righteous ones, and you will not be wronged one bit.”" (4:77).
2/2/3: They hated to engage into the military self-defense endeavors despite the fact that it was for their benefit; without it, the Meccan unjust troops of aggressors would have annihilated them and wiped them out. "Fighting is ordained for you, even though you dislike it. But it may be that you dislike something while it is good for you, and it may be that you like something while it is bad for you. God knows, and you do not know. They ask you about fighting during the Sacred Month. Say, “Fighting during it is deplorable; but to bar others from God’s Path, and to disbelieve in Him, and to prevent access to the Sacred Mosque, and to expel its people from it, are more deplorable with God. And persecution is more serious than killing. They will not cease to fight you until they turn you back from your religion, if they can. Whoever among you turns back from his religion, and dies a disbeliever - those are they whose works will come to nothing, in this life, and in the Hereafter. Those are the inmates of the Hell-Fire, abiding in it forever." (2:216-217).
2/2/4: Peaceful but weak countries might incur military aggressors; military preparations are for deterrence and not for unjust attacks; deterrence means preventing bloodshed on both sides; when the aggressors adhere to peace by stopping their aggression, those engaged into military self-defense should side with peace as well: "And prepare against them all the power you can muster, and all the cavalry you can mobilize, to terrify thereby God’s enemies and your enemies, and others besides them whom you do not know, but God knows them. Whatever you spend in God’s way will be repaid to you in full, and you will not be wronged. But if they incline towards peace, then incline towards it, and put your trust in God. He is the Hearer, the Knower. If they intend to deceive you - God is sufficient for you. It is He who supported you with His aid, and with the believers." (8:60-62).
2/2/5: After all military preparations were done, the permission came to the wronged parties engage into self-defense fighting when attacked by the Meccan troops; all houses of worship must be protected and this means religious freedom is part of the legislative purpose of self-defense within the Quranic sharia: "Permission is given to those who are fought against, and God is Able to grant them victory. Those who were unjustly evicted from their homes, merely for saying, “Our Lord is God.” Were it not that God repels people by means of others: monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques - where the name of God is mentioned much - would have been demolished. God supports whoever supports Him. God is Strong and Mighty." (22:39-40).
2/2/6: Within such a context in history, when Muhammad engaged himself along with the Yathreb dwellers into self-defense military endeavors, some of the early believers inside Yathreb continued their allying themselves to the Meccan aggressors who were their family members despite the Quranic warning against this.
2/3: Family members and relatives will be of no avail to any soul on the Last Day: "Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you on the Day of Resurrection. He will separate between you. God is Observant of what you do." (60:3); "The Day when a person will flee from his brother. And his mother and his father. And his consort and his children. Every one of them, on that Day, will have enough to preoccupy him." (80:34-37), "O people! Be conscious of your Lord within piety, and dread a Day when no parent can avail his child, nor can a child avail his parent, in anything. The promise of God is true. Therefore, do not let this life deceive you, nor let illusions deceive you regarding God." (31:33); "When the Horn is blown, no relations between them will exist on that Day, and they will not ask after one another." (23:101).
2/4: The Lord God has commanded the believers in Yathreb to follow the good example of Abraham and the believers with him when they disowned the aggressors who persecuted them because of religion: "You have had an excellent example in Abraham and those with him; when they said to their people, “We are innocent of you and of what you worship apart from God. We denounce you. Enmity and hatred has surfaced between us and you, forever, until you believe in God only.” Except for the words of Abraham to his father, “I will ask forgiveness for you, though I have no power from God to do anything for you.” “Our Lord, in You we trust, and to You we repent, and to You is the ultimate resort. Our Lord, do not make us a target for those who disbelieve, and forgive us, our Lord. You are indeed the Mighty and Wise.” There is an excellent example in them for you - for anyone who seeks God and the Last Day. But whoever turns away - God is the Self-Sufficient, the Most Praised." (60:4-6). It is noteworthy that Muhammad used to implore Allah to forgive his paternal uncle Abou Lahab who is mentioned in the Quranic chapter 111 as among the Hell dwellers: "Condemned are the hands of Abou Lahab, and he is condemned. His wealth did not avail him, nor did what he acquired. He will burn in a Flaming Fire. And his wife - the firewood carrier. Around her neck is a rope of thorns." (111:1-5). Some of the believers in Yathreb implored Allah to forgive the Meccan aggressors who persecuted them; the Lord God has reminded them of the following facts (mentioned before in the Quranic Chapter 60) in verses within the Quranic Chapter Nine revealed shortly before the death of Muhammad: " It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they are near relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are people of Hell-Fire. Abraham asked forgiveness for his father only because of a promise he had made to him. But when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of God, he disowned him. Abraham was kind and clement. God would never lead a people astray, after He had guided them, until He makes clear to them what they should guard against. God has knowledge of all things." (9:113-115). Let us return to pondering the Quranic Chapter 60 in the following points.
2/5: The Quranic legislations require peaceful dealings with peaceful non-believers who reject the Quranic Message since they never engage into military aggression against peaceful believers and never commit the grave sin of religious persecution.
2/5/1: Hence, Quran-believing people should deal justly and peacefully with non-violent disbelievers: "As for those who have not fought against you for your religion, nor expelled you from your homes, God does not prohibit you from dealing with them kindly and equitably. God loves the equitable." (60:8).
2/5/1: As for disbelieving military aggressors, pious ones must never ally themselves to them: "But God prohibits you from allying those who fought against you over your religion, and expelled you from your homes, and aided in your expulsion. Whoever takes them for allies - these are the unjust ones." (60:9). This is not confined to the Meccan aggressors who attacked/raided Yathreb; this applies also to the belligerent Arabs who, after Muhammad's death, conquered Egypt and other regions unjustly to form an Arab empire and to those who invented devilish fiqh rules to murder 'apostates' and 'infidels'. Quranist monotheists today must never ally themselves to Sunnite polytheists who deify such Arab caliphs/aggressors who ascribed their heinous crimes and grave sins unjustly and forcibly to the name of Islam.
2/5/2: The late Dr. El-Saadawi never committed aggression against anyone; she dedicated her life to defending the wronged parties, the oppressed, and the weak. This stance of hers matches the Quranic sharia of Islam since she faced the unjust ones who committed injustices against Allah and against people; such unjust ones are those who believe in hadiths urging the putting to death of 'apostates' and 'infidels' while claiming that such massacres aim to defend Allah and Islam! Their lies/falsehoods and their grave sins and acts of aggression constitute the worst war against Allah, and Islam, launched by His enemies. Let us return to pondering the Quranic Chapter 60 in the following points.
2/5/3: The Quranic Chapter 60 was revealed shortly after the early believers settled in Yathreb; it was feared that some female immigrants might be spies/agents of the Meccan aggressors; such female immigrants had to undergo a security test; this was not a test of faith since the Omniscient Lord God is the One Who knows all inside souls of all people. "O you who believe! When believing women come to you emigrating, test them. God is Aware of their faith. And if you find them to be faithful, do not send them back to the unbelievers. They are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them. But give them what they have spent. You are not at fault if you marry them, provided you give them their compensation. And do not hold on to ties with unbelieving women, but demand what you have spent, and let them demand what they have spent. This is the rule of God; He rules among you. God is Knowing and Wise. If any of your wives desert you to the unbelievers, and you decide to penalize them, give those whose wives have gone away the equivalent of what they had spent. And fear God, in whom you are believers." (60:10-11).
2/6: Female immigrants swore allegiance to Muhammad as the leader of the Yathreb city-state of Islam: "O prophet! If believing women come to you, pledging allegiance to you, on condition that they will not associate anything with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor commit perjury as to parenthood, nor disobey you in anything righteous, accept their allegiance and ask God’s forgiveness for them. God is Forgiving and Merciful." (60:12).
2/7: The Quranic Chapter 60 ends by repeating the same prohibition against allying oneself to unjust military aggressors: "O you who believe! Do not befriend people with whom God has become angry, and have despaired of the Hereafter, as the faithless have despaired of the occupants of the graves." (60:13).
3- Yet, some people continued to ally themselves to such aggressors: "O you who believe! Do not ally yourselves with your parents and your siblings if they prefer disbelief to belief. Whoever of you allies himself with them - these are the unjust ones. Say, “If your parents, and your children, and your siblings, and your spouses, and your relatives, and the wealth you have acquired, and a business you worry about, and homes you love, are more dear to you than God, and His Messenger, and the struggle in His cause, then wait until God executes His judgment.” God does not guide the sinful people." (9:23-24). These verses were revealed shortly before Muhammad's death.
4- The hypocrites inside Yathreb among Muhammad's contemporaries/companions allied themselves to some of the People of the Book (i.e., Jews + Christians) inside Arabia who attacked Yathreb: "Fight them. God will punish them at your hands, and humiliate them, and help you against them, and heal the hearts of a believing people. And He will remove the anger of their hearts. God redeems whomever He wills. God is Knowledgeable and Wise. Or do you think that you will be left alone, without God identifying which of you will strive, and take no supporters apart from God, His Messenger, and the believers? God is well Aware of what you do." (9:14-16); "You will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day, loving those who oppose God and His Messenger, even if they were their parents, or their children, or their siblings, or their close relatives. These - He has inscribed faith in their hearts, and has supported them with a spirit from Him. And He will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will dwell forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. These are the allies of God. Indeed, it is God’s allies who are the successful." (58:22); "Inform the hypocrites that they will have a painful torment. Those who ally themselves to the disbelievers instead of the believers. Do they seek glory in them? All glory belongs to God." (4:138-139); "Have you not considered those who act hypocritically? They say to their brethren who disbelieved among the People of the Book, “If you are evicted, we will leave with you, and will not obey anyone against you; and should anyone fight you, we will certainly support you.” But God bears witness that they are liars. If they are evicted, they will not leave with them; and if anyone fights them, they will not support them; and if they go to their aid, they will turn their backs and flee; then they will receive no support." (59:11-12).
5- When the belligerent Jews and Christians of Arabia raided the Yathreb city-state led by Muhammad, the Lord God has lent victory to the believers: "God has given you victory in numerous regions…" (9:25). Some of the Yathreb dwellers allied themselves to the aggressors among Jews and Christians who attacked Yathreb: "O you who believe! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies; some of them are allies of one another. Whoever of you allies himself with them is one of them. God does not guide the wrongdoing people. You will see those in whose hearts is sickness racing towards them. They say, “We fear the wheel of fate may turn against us.” But perhaps God will bring about victory, or some event of His making; thereupon they will regret what they concealed within themselves." (5:51-52). Again, the verses 5:51-52 were among the last ones revealed to Muhammad shortly before his death.