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Ezz Eddin Naguib في الخميس ٠٩ - يوليو - ٢٠٠٩ ١٢:٠٠ صباحاً

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9/7/2009 
Baleen Whales 
Baleen whale, also called toothless whale any cetacean possessing unique epidermal modifications of the mouth called baleen, which is used to filter food from water. 
Baleen whales seek out concentrations of small planktonic animals. The whales then open their mouth and take in enormous quantities of water. When the mouth is closed, they squeeze the water out through the sides, catching the tiny prey on the baleen's bristles (see also cetacean: Feeding adaptations). 
Baleen is a keratinized structure like hair, fingernails, and hooves. The baleen apparatus hangs down in two transverse rows, one from each side of the roof of the mouth (palate). Each row contains up to 400 elongated, triangular plates. The longest sides of the plates are smooth and situated along the outer edge of the mouth, whereas the inner sides are frayed into bristles. In the Greenland right whale (Balaena mysticetus), single plates of baleen can reach 5.2 metres (17 feet) long. Before the invention of spring steel and celluloid in the 19th century, “whalebone,” as baleen was called, was very valuable. Because it is flexible and retains shapes imposed on it with heat, baleen was used for springs and in products such as corsets, knife handles, umbrella ribs, brushes, and fans. 
Baleen whales evolved from ancestors that had teeth. Some of the early mysticetes had baleen on the palate in addition to a few functional teeth. The name of the mysticete suborder is derived from the Greek mystax, referring to the baleen as a “mustache,” and ketos (Latin cetus), meaning “whale.” 
For a taxonomy of suborder mysticeti, see cetacean: Classification and paleontology. For information on specific baleen whales, see blue whale; fin whale; gray whale; humpback whale; right whale; rorqual; sei whale. 
 
The Blue Whale 
The blue whale, also called sulfur-bottom whale the most massive animal ever to have lived, a species of baleen whale that weighs approximately 150 tons and may attain a length of more than 30 metres (98 feet). The largest accurately measured blue whale was a 29.5-metre female that weighed 180 metric tons (nearly 200 short [U.S.] tons), but there are reports of 33-metre catches that may have reached 200 metric tons. The heart of one blue whale was recorded at nearly 700 kg (about 1,500 pounds). 
This cetacean is blue-gray in colour with lighter gray mottling in the form of large spots, which appear as if they were dabbed on with a huge paintbrush. The lower surfaces of the flippers are lighter gray or white in some instances. The blue whale has been called the “sulfur-bottom” because of the yellowish underside of some individuals; this coloration is imparted by certain algae (diatoms) living on the whale's body. The blue whale has a wide head, a small dorsal fin located near the fluke, and 80–100 long grooves running lengthwise down the throat and chest. Its mouth contains up to 400 plates of short, wide, black baleen, or “whalebone,” with thick, coarse bristles used for catching food. Females are generally larger than males, and the largest animals live in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. 
The blue whale is found alone or in small groups in all oceans, but populations in the Southern Hemisphere are much larger. In the Northern Hemisphere, blue whales can be seen regularly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off the coasts of Monterey, California, and Baja California, Mexico. They spend the summer in polar waters, feeding on shrimplike crustaceans called krill; a single adult blue may consume as much as eight tons of krill per day. In the winter blue whales move toward the Equator to breed. After a gestation of about 12 months, one calf about 8 metres long is born in temperate waters. While nursing, calves gain up to 90 kg per day on the rich milk of their mothers. Young are weaned after 7 to 8 months, when they have reached a length of about 15 metres. 
Once the most important of the commercially hunted baleen whales, the blue whale was greatly reduced in numbers during the first half of the 20th century. In the 1930–31 season alone the worldwide kill of blue whales exceeded 29,000. The species has been protected from commercial whaling since the mid-1960s, but populations of blue whales are still small (several thousand), and they are an endangered species. 
The blue whale is classified scientifically as a rorqual (family Balaenopteridae) related to the gray whale (family Eschrichtiidae) and the right whales (Balaenidae and Neobalaenidae) of the baleen whale suborder, Mysticeti.

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